题目

 Match the type of investor to the attitude to risk:

Risk averse              (i) Minimax regret                          (ii) Relevant costing  

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin  

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

Risk seeker              (i) Minimax regret                         (ii) Relevant costing 

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin 

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

Risk neutral              (i) Minimax regret                          (ii) Relevant costing  

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin 

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

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Chapter7Riskanduncertainty

The correct answers are: 

Attitude to risk                          Decision making method adopted 

Risk averse                              Maximin 

Risk seeker                              Maximax 

Risk neutral                              Expected values 

Maximax decisions are taken by risk-seeking decision makers, also known as optimists, as they aim to maximise the maximum return available. 

Maximin decision are taken by risk-averse decision-makers, also known as pessimists, as they aim to maximise the minimum return available.

A decision maker who bases these decisions on expected values is concerned with the most likely outcome and therefore ignores the variability of the returns. This is known as a risk-neutral approach to decision making. 

多做几道

Fill in the blanks. 

 Ideally, a transfer price should be set that enables the individual divisions to maximise their profits at a level of output that maximises ……………………. . 

 The transfer price which achieves this is unlikely to be a ……………….. transfer price or a ……………. transfer price.  

 If optimum decisions are to be taken, transfer prices should reflect …………………. . 

There are two profit centres, A and B. Profit centre A transfers a product to profit centre B, but could also sell the product in an external market at a price of $30. The marginal cost of making the product in profit centre A is $8 per unit and the full cost is $14 per unit. There would be a variable cost of $1 per unit for sales and distribution to customers in the external market, but no such costs for internal transfers. 

To avoid disputes between the profit centre managers, what should be the transfer price for the product? 

$ _______

What objectives might the following not for profit organisations have? 

(a) An army                                                (d) A political party 

(b) A local council                                     (e) A college 

(c) A charity 

One of the objectives of a local government body could be 'to provide adequate street lighting throughout the area'. 

(a) How could the 'adequacy' of street lighting be measured? 

(b) Assume that other objectives are to improve road safety in the area and to reduce crime. How much does 'adequate' street lighting contribute to each of these aims? 

(c) What is an excessive amount of money to pay for adequately lit streets, improved road safety and reduced crime? How much is too little? 

What general objectives of non profit seeking organisations are being described in each of the following? 

(a) Maximising what is offered 

(b) Satisfying the wants of staff and volunteers 

(c) Equivalent to profit maximisation 

(d) Matching capacity available 

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